{"id":69956,"date":"2016-11-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-11-08T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.arenaswim.com\/non-classifiee\/guide-pour-lapnee-sous-leau\/"},"modified":"2016-11-08T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2016-11-08T00:00:00","slug":"guide-pour-lapnee-sous-leau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.arenaswim.com\/fr\/conseils-de-pro\/guide-pour-lapnee-sous-leau\/","title":{"rendered":"Guide pour l\u2019Apn\u00e9e Sous l\u2019Eau"},"content":{"rendered":"

La natation exige de fr\u00e9quentes p\u00e9riodes d\u2019apn\u00e9e. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une caract\u00e9ristique rare par rapport \u00e0 d\u2019autres sports, o\u00f9 la respiration est libre. Le besoin de respirer est \u00e9vident, l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne est n\u00e9cessaire pour alimenter les muscles lors de l\u2019exercice a\u00e9robique. Cependant, la respiration dans la natation impacte la biom\u00e9canique, m\u00eame chez les nageurs ayant la meilleure biom\u00e9canique respiratoire. Retenir sa respiration permet \u00e9galement aux nageurs d\u2019utiliser le coup de pied du dauphin sous l\u2019eau, probablement la technique de natation la plus rapide. La communaut\u00e9 des nageurs utilise fr\u00e9quemment l\u2019apn\u00e9e pendant l\u2019entrainement pour r\u00e9duire la fr\u00e9quence respiratoire et pour s\u2019entrainer \u00e0 retenir son souffle pour le coup de pied du dauphin sous l\u2019eau.<\/p>\n

L\u2019apn\u00e9e c\u2019est une absence de mouvement des muscles de l\u2019inspiration tandis que le volume des poumons reste inchang\u00e9.<\/strong> Dans l\u2019entrainement de natation, retenir sa respiration sous l\u2019eau est incorrectement appel\u00e9 entrainement hypoxique. N\u00e9anmoins, retenir sa respiration fait appel \u00e0 l\u2019apn\u00e9e et provoque l\u2019hypercapnie, l\u2019accumulation excessive de dioxyde de carbone dans le sang [en savoir plus sur l\u2019entrainement hypercapnique et l\u2019excellent travail du Docteur Woorons<\/a>; Exhale-Hold Technique<\/a>; Dr. Woorons research article<\/a>].<\/p>\n

La communaut\u00e9 des nageurs pratique de longues apn\u00e9es pendant les mouvements, tentant de maximiser la facult\u00e9 de retenir sa respiration sous l\u2019eau (bien qu\u2019aucun nageur ne retienne sa respiration pendant plus de ~ 20 secondes en une fois lors d\u2019une course). Cette pratique domatique a entra\u00een\u00e9 de nombreux d\u00e9c\u00e8s, d\u00e9crits comme les \u00e9vanouissements en eau peu profonde.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9sultat physiologique de l\u2019apn\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n

Au cours de l\u2019apn\u00e9e sous l\u2019eau, la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque et le volume systolique (la quantit\u00e9 de sang \u00e9ject\u00e9 du c\u0153ur \u00e0 chaque contraction) diminuent tous les deux. La circulation sanguine dans les art\u00e8res diminue, car les art\u00e8res diminuent en taille. Pendant ce temps, le corps tente de donner la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 certains organes, en alimentant en sang d\u2019abord les organes vitaux (le cerveau par exemple).<\/p>\n

En particulier pour les nageurs, une \u00e9tude a compar\u00e9 les effets de l\u2019apn\u00e9e sur quatre longueurs de 25 m avec repos de 30 secondes. Les groupes de comparaison \u00e9taient les suivants :<\/p>\n

(a)<\/strong> respiration \u00e0 la fr\u00e9quence normale sans palmes ;<\/p>\n

(b)<\/strong> avec une apn\u00e9e compl\u00e8te sous l\u2019eau sur les quatre segments de 25 m, sans palmes ;<\/p>\n

(c)<\/strong> respiration \u00e0 fr\u00e9quence normale avec palmes ordinaires ;<\/p>\n

(d)<\/strong> avec une apn\u00e9e compl\u00e8te sous l\u2019eau sur les quatre segments de 25 m, avec palmes ;<\/p>\n

Les diff\u00e9rences observ\u00e9es entre les diff\u00e9rentes conditions dans cette \u00e9tude sont\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Retenir sa respiration sous l\u2019eau a induit une diminution de la saturation en oxyg\u00e8ne dans les art\u00e8res, avec et sans palmes. La fr\u00e9quence cardiaque maximale a diminu\u00e9 dans les deux conditions d\u2019apn\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

La pr\u00e9sente \u00e9tude montre que nager avec une apn\u00e9e dynamique aigu\u00eb sous l\u2019eau provoque une diminution de la saturation art\u00e9rielle en oxyg\u00e8ne et de la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque chez les nageurs masculins, au niveau r\u00e9gional et national.<\/p>\n

N\u2019oubliez pas, cette \u00e9tude visait seulement la performance sur une seule longueur, pas sur une s\u00e9rie enti\u00e8re ou sur la distance d\u2019apn\u00e9e maximale, r\u00e9pandue par une utilisation potentiellement dangereuse de l\u2019apn\u00e9e sous l\u2019eau. Si vous faites appel \u00e0 l\u2019apn\u00e9e sous l\u2019eau pour votre \u00e9quipe, consid\u00e9rez les points suivants et cr\u00e9ez une m\u00e9thode s\u00fbre pour sa pratique :<\/p>\n

\u00c9l\u00e9ments importants \u00e0 retenir :<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.<\/strong> Les \u00e9vanouissements en eau peu profonde sont le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019une fr\u00e9quence cardiaque r\u00e9duite et d\u2019une \u00e9jection du sang r\u00e9duit par le c\u0153ur, probablement \u00e0 cause de techniques d\u2019apn\u00e9e sous l\u2019eau extr\u00eamement lentes. Si vous utilisez l\u2019entrainement en apn\u00e9e, faites-le sur de courtes distances, \u00e0 des vitesses intenses.<\/p>\n

2.<\/strong> Le manque de performance est corr\u00e9l\u00e9 avec une diminution de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne, faisant de la biom\u00e9canique respiratoire une comp\u00e9tence primordiale pour le succ\u00e8s lors des \u00e9v\u00e8nements de plus de 50 m\u00e8tres, comme vu avec l\u2019entra\u00eeneur Bruce Gemmell<\/a>.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rence\u00a0:<\/strong><\/h5>\n
Guimard A, Prieur F, Zorgati H, Morin D, Lasne F, Collomp K. Acute apnea swimming: metabolic responses and performance.<\/a> J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Apr;28(4):958-63.<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Retenir sa respiration est quelque chose de courant dans la natation, par cons\u00e9quent comprendre la physiologie de l\u2019apn\u00e9e est indispensable pour les nageurs. Voyons si retenir sa respiration est s\u00fbr et d\u00e9couvrons la physiologie de l\u2019apn\u00e9e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1380,"featured_media":4404,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10096],"tags":[11094,10866,10364,11062],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGuide pour l\u2019Apn\u00e9e Sous l\u2019Eau - The arena swimming blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00a0Retenir sa respiration est quelque chose de courant dans la natation, par cons\u00e9quent comprendre la physiologie de l\u2019apn\u00e9e est indispensable pour les nageurs. 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He received his Doctorate in Physical Therapy at USC, as well as the Josette Antonelli Division Service Scholarship, Order of the Golden Cane, and the Order of Aret\u00e9. At USC, he also performed research on swimming biomechanics and lung adaptations in swimming training. Dr. John has worked with multiple professional and Olympic athletes, helping them earn Olympic medals. His dedication to research and individualization spurred him to open COR - Physical Therapy and Sports Performance in 2011. Since 2011, Dr. John has been featured in Stack Magazine, Swimming World Magazine, Swimmer Magazine, USA Swimming, USA Triathlon, Swimming Science, and many more. He is also an editor of the NSCA personal trainer quarterly. Before his Doctoral program, Dr. John swam on an athletic scholarship at Purdue University. At Purdue, Dr. John was an Academic Honorable Mention All-American and was awarded the Red Mackey Award and R. O. Papenguh Award. He also won the Purdue Undergraduate business plan and elevator pitch competition, as well as 1st prize with the Indiana Soy Bean Alliance. Dr. John was born in Centerville, Ohio and was a 24-time high school All-American Swimmer. Dr. John is still a swimmer and holds a Masters swimming World and Pacific Swimming Record.","url":"https:\/\/blog.arenaswim.com\/fr\/author\/jmullen\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.arenaswim.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69956"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.arenaswim.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.arenaswim.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.arenaswim.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1380"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.arenaswim.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69956"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.arenaswim.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69956\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.arenaswim.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4404"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.arenaswim.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.arenaswim.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.arenaswim.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}